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Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari

University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, USA

Title: Targeting the innate immune response to improve outcomes after CNS injury

Biography

Biography: Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari

Abstract

The innate immune response is the first line against infections and damage. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are components of the innate immune response that recognize danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-like receptors (RLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are PRRs involved in the recognition of DAMPs/PAMPs that trigger an infl ammatory response. NLRs form infl ammasomes that trigger the activation of caspase-1 and the processing of IL-1. RIG-I is a RLR involved in the production of type-I interferons, and mincle is a CLR involved in the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Following central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke, the inflammasome, RIG-I or mincle are activated as part of the infl ammatory response. Th erefore, these PRRs can be therapeutically targeted to control the inflammatory response in order to improve outcomes aft er SCI, TBI or stroke. For instance, delivery of an antibody against apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), an infl ammasome component, results in decreased inflammation as well as improved histopathological and functional outcomes aft er cervical contusive SCI in a clinically relevant model in rodents. Similarly, anti-mincle can be used to inhibit TNF production in neurons in culture following stimulation with SAP130. Taken together, our fi ndings indicate that targeting PRRs can be a successful option that can be used to treat the innate immune response aft er SCI, TBI or stroke.